油菜素内酯对沙棘抗旱生理的影响

采用盆栽控水、根系浸蘸和叶面喷施不同浓度油菜素内酯(BRS)的方法,对黄土丘陵区主要造林树种沙棘苗重要保护酶活性、重要渗透调节物质以及质膜稳定性进行了测定和分析.结果表明:沙棘苗经BRS0.1～0.4 mg/L处理后,SOD和CAT活性在轻度干旱(土壤含水量12%～13%)和重度干旱(土壤含水量7%～8%)下,虽较清水对照升高,但无显著差异;在轻度干旱下,POD活性0.3 mg/L处理显著高于对照,类胡萝卜素含量0.1～0.3 mg/L处理较对照极显著增加;在轻度和重度干旱下,脯氨酸含量较对照增加不显著,可溶性糖含量0.3和0.4 mg/L处理显著高于对照,质膜相对透性,较对照显著降低,丙二醛含量在轻度干旱下,较对照显著降低,重度干旱下降低不显著.综合以上结果:BRS处理提高了沙棘苗的抗旱性.     

长期低浓度SO2对油桐保护系统功能的影响

对长期低浓度SO2处理后油桐叶片中保护系统的功能进行了测定.结果表明,SO2熏气超过100 d后,油桐体内的乙醇酸氧化酶的活性水平明显提高;叶片中的自由基含量增加;过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性明显增强;同时过氧化物同工酶的谱带增加了4条;SOD的活性明显增强.这些变化表明,长期低浓度SO2处理后引起了油桐体内保护系统增强,但是不足以完全消除SO2对油桐的伤害,表现为油桐生长缓慢.     

翠冠梨不同采收期生理指标测定及其常温贮藏试验初报

对云和县重河湾森林食品基地所产翠冠梨不6．8-7．6，可溶性固形物含量10．8％-11．1％，果实切片碘溶液染色为淡蓝色或淡黄色，种子颜色为黄褐色；成熟早期采摘的梨果可在常温下贮藏7-10d；中熟时采摘的梨果常温下可贮藏5，6d；全熟后采摘的梨果不宜贮藏。     

苗木施肥生理基础及优化施肥的研究

试验研究了定县白杨、毛白杨、小黑杨、香椿、花椒、黑枣等“三北”防护林地区常用造林树种苗木施肥生理及生长变化。合理施肥处理，明显提高叶绿素ａ含量，速生期净同化率是对照处理的２．６６倍。试验确定了不同苗木的适宜肥料用量和配比。施肥适宜比对照处理，合格苗产量增加９５％～２３７％。     

植物抗寒性的生理生态学机制研究进展

综述植物在冷驯化过程中发生的一系列生理生化变化.环境对植物抗寒性的影响主要与光诱导、温湿度以及气候的变化有关.植物表面形成冰层会引起植物的无氧呼吸,导致植物受害;光抑制诱导活性氧的产生,从而导致植物光合系统的退化,抗寒能力下降,而短日照诱导植物休眠,有利于植物抗寒.光敏色素则被认为是启动冷驯化的光受体;植物通过冷驯化增加碳水化合物的积累及病原体相关蛋白的合成,以增强对低温病原体的抵抗能力;气候的变化使植物遭受了更大的冷伤害风险.微管最初遇冷时部分的解体可以有效诱导植物抗寒性;抗氧化酶活性增强,植物体内糖、脯氨酸、多胺等内含物含量上升.植物休眠状态中的生理变化(种子的休眠、芽的休眠)与ABA敏感性的差异有关.对植物抗寒性分子机制的研究表明:COR基因的表达对于植物抗寒性和冷驯化是十分关键的;与气候梯度有关的基因梯度的分布说明寒冷地区的树种更为抗寒;多表型性状的数量性状分析,为重要的农艺性状标记辅助选择(MAS)提供基础.对植物抗寒过程中的信号转导进行研究发现,Ca2 是低温下参与调节冷驯化应答机制中信号转导途径的重要的第二信使.未来植物抗寒领域的研究热点为信号转导和基因调节,低温抗性的遗传学和遗传应用及代谢组学,气候变化对于植物抗寒的影响等方面.     

CaCl_2处理对奈李低温贮藏期生理生化的影响

为了探明 Ca2 对奈李低温贮藏的保鲜效应 ,对奈李采用不同浓度的 Ca Cl2 溶液处理、聚乙烯薄膜袋包装、在低温 ( 5℃ )下贮藏 ,研究其生理生化变化情况 .结果表明 :采用质量分数为 0 .5 %～ 1.0 %的 Ca Cl2 溶液处理 ,对奈李的呼吸作用、Vc含量的降低、可溶性固性物的消耗、电导率和 POD(过氧化物酶 )活性的升高以及贮藏期的失水等均具有抑制作用 ,而用较高浓度的 Ca Cl2 ( 2 .0 %～ 6.0 % )溶液处理 ,则具有相反的作用 .     

低浓度SO2对油桐叶片细胞膜脂肪酸含量的影响

膜系统是细胞内光合和呼吸等生理活动的重要场所之一,SO2对光合系统的破坏首先会引起细胞膜系统的变化.气相色谱测定表明,体积分数为0.3×10-6的SO2对油桐叶片处理10d以上,会使不饱和脂肪酸含量UFA、不饱和脂肪酸指数IUFA、C18:3、C18:3/IUFA上升,使饱和脂肪酸含量、C16:1trans、C16:1trans/IUFA下降;但随着SO2熏气时间的延长,会使不饱和脂肪酸含量UFA、不饱和脂肪指数IUFA、C18:3、C18:3/IUFA下降,饱和脂肪酸含量上升,熏气111d后,处理的UFA、IUFA、C18:3、C18:3/IUFA分别是对照的94.74%、92.52%、87.87%、94.97%;处理的饱和脂肪酸、C16:1trans、C16:1/IUFA分别是对照的1.16、1.15、1.24倍.熏气112d后,会使极性脂和中性脂中的不饱和脂肪酸C18∶3含量,不饱和脂肪酸含量UFA和不饱和脂肪酸指数IUFA及C18:3/IUFA值下降.因此,长期低体积分数SO2处理会使细胞膜的脂肪酸组成发生变化,使不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,饱和脂肪酸含量上升,从而使细胞膜的功能发生变化.     

香果树种子休眠和萌发的生理特性

为了解决香果树Emmenopterys henryi种子萌发困难的问题,使用不同的光照条件较系统地研究了香果树种子休眠和萌发的生理特性.结果表明:香果树种子属典型的光敏感性种子,在黑暗中无论恒温或变温条件下均完全不能萌发;整个萌发过程需1 000 lx光照强度和每天照光16 h;在光照条件下适宜的萌发温度为20℃、25℃恒温,其次是30℃恒温和30℃(日)、20℃(夜)变温.     

Effect of feeding different levels of wheat roti on nutrient utilization and blood metabolite profile in semi‐captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of wheat roti (WR) on nutrient utilization and blood metabolites in Asian elephants fed roughages ad libitum. Nine (3 M, 6 F) Asian elephants (14–52 years of age, 1909–3968 kg BW) were used in an experiment based on replicated Latin square design. Animals in each group (n = 3) were assigned to one of the three dietary treatments in a manner that animals in all the three groups were exposed to all the three treatments in three different periods. Each feeding trial comprised 30 days (25 days of adaptation and 5 days collection period). The amount of WR fed to the elephants was 0.18, 0.12 and 0.06% of BW in groups I, II and III, respectively. They were allowed to forage in the nearby forests for 6 h/day and to bathe for 2 h/day. The animals had ad libitum access to cut Rohini (Mallotus philippensis) trees in their night shelter. Intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Zn were measured. Feed consumption was not significantly different among the groups. Significant (p < 0.01) decrease in digestibility of DM and GE and blood glucose concentration was observed with decreased level of WR in the diet. Feeding of WR at 0.06% of BW supplied adequate amount of DE, CP, Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Zn to meet requirement for adult maintenance. Feeding of WR in excess of 0.06% of BW supplied DE in excess of requirement, increased blood glucose concentration which may cause obesity and other associated health problems. It was concluded that the amount of WR should be restricted to 0.06% of BW in the diet of captive Asian elephants.     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.